Kunjani Ukubala I-Batteries Ze-Lithium Ion Ngokuphawula Kwazo, Ingcobo, Nenqobile?

Xa kusethulwa izinqumo zokugcina amandla esisekelo sendustri, kubalulekile ukuthi kuchazwe kanjani ukuhlola ngendlela efanelekileyo amabheti e-lithium ion kuyayingqiniswa kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo ezihlakaniphileyo zokuthenga. Lezi zixhobo zokugcina amandla anamatheleli zavuselela izindustri eziningi, kusukela e-automotive nezomane kuze kube yizinsimbi zokuphila nezixhobo zokugcina amandla. Inkathi yokuhlola iyadinga ukuqapheleka okucophele kwiimfuno ezintathu eziphambili: ubuncike bomlando, iminikelo yemodi, nokukhanyisa ngokude. Izinkampani zamanje ziye zayidependa kulezi zixhobo zokumisa amandla ukuze zibambe indawo yesiqaleko nesimo.

Ubukhulu bokulinganisa izinhlelo zebhatereyi kudinga ngaphezulu kokulinganisa imali. Abathengi basebenzi kumele balungise umkhawulo wokusebenzisa, iziphazamiso zobuchwepheshe phakathi kwezimo ezihlukene, nokuphila okutholakeleyo ukuze bathole ubungako. Lokhu kumele kube yindlela ekujwayelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izigameko zokuthenga zihambe ngesivinini sezimali futhi nezigameko ezide. Ukuziqonda lezi zici kusiza izinkampani ukuthintela amaphutha athintekayo futhi akhokheke umkhawulo wokuthengiselwa.

Ukuziqonda Ulinganiso Lomali Lwezinhlelo Zebhatereyi

Iingcamango malunga ngegama lokuqala lokuthenga

Igogogo ngaphambili le-batteries ye-lithium ion isibonakaliso esikhona kakhulu, kodwa abathengi abaqondene bazi loko njengenye nje yezindlela zokuthenga. Izinhlelo eziqhubekayo ze-battery zisusa igogogo ephakeme ngokwesibonelo ngoba zisekelwe ezinhlelo eziphucukileyo yokwakha, izimpendulo eziphiliphi, nezobuchwepheshe ephucukileyo. Kodwa, lezi zinhlelo eziphucukileyo zanika inani ephila ngeminyaka emide futhi kusabalala ukulungiswa.

Xa kuhlinzwa izindleko zokuqala, abathengi kumele bahlaziyane izindleko ngakuwakhiwe okungu-kilowatt-hour endaweni yokuzwa kuphela kwizimali eziphelele. Leli xabiso linika indlela efanayo yokuhlola phakathi kwezinhlelo ezahlukene ze-battery nezomphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqiniseka okufunekayo okutholakala njengezinhlelo zokuphatha i-battery, ubumnisi, izixweba zokulayisha, nokulungiswa kokufaka xa kubalwa igogogo elijwayelekile lokugcina.

Izindleko Zokusebenza Emva Kusekhona

Imali yokusebenza ikhangekisa kakhulu izindleko zokunakana phakathi kwisikhathi se-battery system. Lezi zindleko zokubuya kufaka uhlelo lokulungiselela, izindleko zohlelo lokubeka isitebelo, nokuphinde kuphinde kuvuselelwa. I-batteries eziphathekayo ze-lithium ion zilandela ngcamngcalo ukulungiswa okuncane kunazo eziphathelene ne-lead-acid, njengoko zilandelana nokuncipha kwezimali zokusebenza kanye nokudweba kwesimo.

Ubunjingili bukuqeda izindleko zokusebenza ngokuthatha ikhanda elincane futhi kube khona ukukhula kwezikhwama zezilumi. Izisitemu ze-battery eziphepha zafika kwi-rating ephakeme kwi-efficiency yokuhlola-phambene, lokhu kusho ukuthi kungabi nalutho oluphelile kuhlola nasekunikelweni kwamagetsi. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukutholiwa kwizindleko ngexesha, ikakhulu kumasebenziso apho kudinga ukucopheleka okujikeleze okanye ukusebenza okudlule.

Ukulinganisa Inani nezimali Zokusebenza

Ukufunda Kungani Okwenzekile okanye Okurayithiwe

Izinkcazelo zokulinganisa kwe-bhethri zingahlukengeka kakhulu phakathi kwezinhleli, futhi kuyaphila ukufaka okuhambelana ngaphandle kokwazi izimo zeveki nezindlela zokuchazwa. Isilinganiso sabhethri sikhomba isebenza ngemizamo ephathelene kakhulu emlaboratorini, ngelixa isilinganiso esifanelekile siqondiswa ngenyakaza, isilinganiso sokuphula, nesikhathi sebhethri. Ukubala okuqinile kudinga ukuqonda kwezi zinto futhi zingaphinde ziphumelela kanjani emsebenzini wasebenzayo.

Imitha yenyakaza ichaza kakhulu isilinganiso sokulinganisa, ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu noma okuncane kusungulwa isilinganiso sokugcina. Izinhlelo ezihle zamabhethri zifaka izici zokuphatha inyakaza ukuze zisebense kahle emibhalo eniningi yenyakaza. Xa ucabanga ngendima, uzimisele imizamo eyodwa yezinsuku apho amabhethri ayosebenza kuzo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izinkcazelo zenhleli ziqhubeka kulezi zimo.

Isilinganiso sokuphula nokuletha amandla

Ukuxhasana phakathi kwezindlela zokulula kanye nokukhona kwesilinganiso kuyinxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza eyahluka phakathi kwezinhlelo zibhatere ngezidingo. Iziseko zokulula ezinezindlela ezidezikayo kungase kufinyelela kuphela isigaba esincane sesilinganiso esinemboni, sibangela lokhu kuba khona kunezidingo ezidinga izikhashi ezinkulu zezindlela. Ukuzwisisa izici ze-C-rate kusiza ekatholweni kokusebenza ngempela phakathi kwezimo ezithile zemvume.

Ukulingana kwegunelo ngemuva kwendlela yokuqeda kubangelisa ukusebenza kweenjini kanye nokuphepha kwezimali. Ibhatteri enobunkulungwane ye-lithium ion iphinde iphulaphule ivolthi ephephile kangaka emanzini onke wendlela yokuqeda, iphinda inikeze igunya elilodwa kweenjini ezidityanyelwe. Lokhu kusho iqiniso likhona kakhulu kumasebe amakhono abalulekile okudinga igunya eliphephile ekusebenzeni kakhulu.

Izinto ezibetha ekuphileni kanye nezimali

Ubudala bencikelelo kanye nezindlela zokuhlukunyuka

Izinkcazelo zokusebenza kwe-cycyle zibonisa inani lamaxeshebelo okwenzekayo aya kugcina phansi kwezimali efanayo, ngokuvamile ikhanda lesibili-ayisi percent yesilinganiso. Kodwa, isimo esifanele sokusebenza kuyadingeka kakhulu kumahluko wokugcina, izindlela zokulayisha, nezimo zokusebenza. Ukusebenzisa amaxeshebelo angaphansi kancane kuthuthukisa ubude be-battery kunokusebenzisa amaxeshebelo aphakeme.

Ukuziqonda izinhlobo zokuhluka kusiza ekubaleni ixesha lokubuyisela futhi ukulungiselela imali yokuphindezwa kwesistimu ye-battery emuva. I-batteries ephathelene kangcono ye-lithium ion zibonakala njengoko zihluka kancane kulingo kungaba yingozi ethile, kusiza ekulungiseleleni ukubuyiswa. Le nhlalo yokuhluka efanelekile iyasiza ekulungiselela ukulungiselela kahle futhi kuthintela amandla okungasebenzi kakhona.

Izici Zokuphepha Nezinhlelo Zokuphepha

Izinhlelo zokuphatha ibhatere engeziwe zinika izinkumbulo zokugcina nokuphepha okubalulekile okukhinchela ukusebenza kwezimo ezihlukile. Le zinhlelo zizwa amavoltaji ecell engxenye, ubude bendawo, kanye nesilinganiso sokudluliswa okuthintela ukungakhethi, ukunqamula kabusha, nokwephula kwendawo. Izinhlelo zokuphepha eziphathelene zibonakala njengokusebenzisa okubalulekile okukhinchela izixhobo nezimali.

Abafana abakhethi baphatha izidingo eziningi zeziphumayo ezifakiweyo kulinganisela izinyikelo zokulahlela ingcindezi, iziviveli zokulahlela ubude bendawo, nezinkinga eziphuculiweyo zokuzwa. Le zinto zisebenzana ukugcina ukusebenza ngokuphephile noma kusukela emazimbeni ashiwo noma kuhlukaniswa kwezixhobo. Xa usondza izinhlelo zabhatere, qiniseka ukuthi izibukelelo zokuphepha ziphumelela emasango endlela ethembekile yokusebenza kulomlando wakho owodwa.

Izidingo Zokumelana Nezempilo Nezokusebenza

Amakhemkheto Ebude Bengcindezi

Izilingo zokusebenza kakhulu kuzilungelelo zokusebenza kwabhatere, ubude bephondo nokhathalo. Ibhathare lithiyamhi ayisebenzi kakade phakathi kwezingo ezikhethi kodwa kungafuneka izinqumo zokuphatha ukwesaba ngemizwa eziphansi. Ukuqonda izici zomthengi mayelana nesilingo sokusebenza kusiza ekuboniseni ukusebenza okuthembekile kumzamo ohikelekile.

Ukusebenza kwindawo enezulu kancane kuyisusa indawo yokugcina kwaye kungafuneka izixhobo zokwenza umlilo ukuze kugcinwe isebenza. Ngokuphambene, ukusebenza kwindawo enobude bukhulu kunokukhazimula iindlela zabantu kwaye kungafuneka izixhobo zokholisa ukuze kuthintelwe ingozi. Ukulinganisa izidingo zeendawo kuqala kwindlela yokukhetha kusiza ekuboniseni izixhobo ezifunekayo kwaye nezimali ezoziphatha.

Izidingo Zokufaka nokhlanganiswa

Amathula okuphakeme, ubunzima, nokufakwa kwezidingo kuthinta ukucinga kwesakhelo nokuthintana ngezimali. Izinxenye zokugcina i-energic eziphazanywayo neziphazimula zisenzisa ukufakwa futhi kususa izidingo zokukhokha kwezobuchwepheshe. Kodwa, ukuthuthuka kwe-energy density kumele kungasindiswa izinto zokuphepha noma amandla wokuphatha umthubi.

Ukudibanisa ngezinhlelo ezikhona kudinga izibonakaliso zokuxhumana nezinye izibonakaliso zokubeka phambili. Iziqhamo ze-battery zamanje zanamandla amasha ekubekeni phambili athintana nezinhlelo zok управление yezindlu noma izinhlelo zokubeka phambili phezu kwemoto. Lezi zici zinika imininingwane ethembekile yokusebenza kodwa kungadinga ukwenza izimali ezifinyelela ngaphezulu ukuze zenzeke konke.

Izindlela Zokuchaza Nokuvikela

Imibiko yokucinga iqendu

Ukuvavanyo okubangelene kuthola indumasi yomthwalo wokwakhiwa futhi kusimame izinhlelo zebhatere ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Izinhilo zokuvavanya zivavanya amandla, ukusebenza kahle, ubude bekhondla, nokhathazekile okuphatha ngemiphakethi ephathelene. Amalaborithori wezovavanyo asebenza njengoko kutholakala kwizinkomba zokusebenza futhi kusiza ekutholeni izinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphambi kokufakwa.

Ukuvavanya kwiindawo ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlala kuzo kuncike kakhulu ekuvavanini kakhona kodwa kudinga ixesha elide namanje. Izifaki zokuvavanya zivumela ukubalwa kwezimo zomsebenzi ngaphandle kwezinga eliphezulu lezinkinga ezinokwenzeka. Le ndlela isiza ekutholeni izinkinga zokudibanisa noma ukuguqulwa kwesimo esingaba khona ngaphandle kokuvavanywa kwi-laborithori.

Amasiko nokuthuthukisa kwezindlela ezikhoyo

Imvume yasekuhlinzekeni kuncike ukuthi izinhlelo zebhatereyi zihlukanisa izimo ezitholakalayo zokuphepha nokusebenza. Imvume ehlobene inzuzo ngokusebenzisa kodwa ihumusha kakhulu kwi-UL, i-IEC, nezimpendulo eziphathelene nendalo. Izinhlelo ezinemvume zihlala ziphazamiswa ngokugqamile futhi ziqhubeka zohlaziywa ukuze zilindele.

Amavili okwakha kwenhlelo yokwakha kubangelisa ukuzimisela nokuhlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlotshwa zokwakha. Imvume ye-ISO nemigomo engafanayo yokuphatha ububi yenza isibonelo sokuphatha ngendlela ekhokelwe kakhulu nokuthuthukisa kabangayidi. Le mvume ibe nobuhlelo obuqinile bokuba ububi buhlala bufanayo futhi inkondlo yezinhlelo ibe yinxubene eqinile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izikhathi ezimini eziphi izobala li-ion zebhatereyi zihlala zisebenza kumasekelo njengoba zisetshenziselwa

Amabhethri e-lithium ion yasezindustri zabelana ngamashumi amathoba kuya kushumi nesikhombisa iminyaka yokusebenza ngokuthi kuchazwe kanjani kubeke, izimo zezenhliziyo, nokhando lwesikhwama. Inhlaka yesikhathi iyangeza kusuka ku-3,000 kuya ku-6,000 ngamanye amandla, ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezikhulu ezingaba nezikhathi ezide kakhulu. Izindlela zokulayisha, ukulawula kwezibopho, nokugcina kokugcina kuyaholela ekunikezeni isikhathi eside sokusebenza.

Iziphi izinto eziqinisekile kakhulu ezihlukumeza ikhapa lebhethri ngexesha

Izimo ezikhulu kakhulu, ukuphazanyiswa okuningi, nezindlela zokulayisha ziyisiseko esiqinisekile kakhulu sokuhlinzeka kwesikhathi eside sekhasimende. Iziphansi ezikhulu ziyahlukanisa izindlela zokuhlakanipha kahle, ngelixa ukuphazanya okuningi kuxhomeleka ematereni engeyi yabhethri kunokuphazanya okuncane. Ukulayisha ngokushesha kungahlukumeza isikhathi sokusebenza uma akulondololwa ngendlela efanelekile yi-inthanhu ephathelene ngebhethri.

Ngani njengoko ngibala umda wokufumana amabhethri

Ighatshwa eligcwele lokusebenzisa kufaka phakathi inguqulelo yokuqala, izindleko zokufaka, izindleko zokulungisa kusuku lonke, izindleko zokunika amandla, nezindleko zokubuyisela emva kokuphela kwegama lesimo. Yohlula izindleko ngokulinganayo ngezinye zeminyaka yokusebenza ukuze uthole izindleko zokusebenzisa ngonyaka. Faka phakathi kube lula ukuthinta iziphumo kusayensi nokwanda kwesimo ekulungeni ukukhuseleka xa usiholana izinketho ezahlukene zabhatere.

Kuzimaphi izibongo zesekuriti okumele ngilithole xa ngikhetha abhatere banelithiyam le-ioni

Izibongo zesekuriti ezibalulekile kufana no-UL 1973 yesikhwama sangempilo esingaqondakali, UN 38.3 nesekuriti yokuthutha, kanye no-IEC 62619 imithombo yesimo sebhatere yesiseko. Kungafuneka kutholakale izibongo eziningi kumasekelo ahlukeneyo njengekusebenzisa kwasamanzi noma emakhaya angcono. Qaphela kuphela ukuthi izibongo zilindele kusayensi wakho nokuthintana nomthetho wasendaweni.