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Ukukhona kwezimali eziphilayo kumgwaqo wombane nokuphila okuphathelene nokulondolozo isibhakabhaka sesikhembe umgwaqo wombane wokugcina amathuba kuselilawuli kungumthombo omuhle wokuphatha amathuba esifundazini esizweni. Lezi zixhenye ezibonakalayo zinikela abakhi womkhahlelo ukugcina amathuba ahlotekile akhiwe kumthombo wokulondolozo njengezilimi zikaSola, ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa amathuba avela kumgwaqo wesiqhamo ngelishwa njalo kuziphatha amathuba ngemva kwezinyawo. Ngokuthi izindleko zomgwaqo ziqhubeka ukuthakatha kanye nokuzinzilela kwezokulondolozo kungezinye, ukwazi ukuthi izici ezahlukene zomgwaqo wombane wokugcina amathuba kuselilawuli kungaba yisibonakaliso esibalulekile ekwenzeni izigaba ezilungile ngokuphatha amathuba esifundazini.
Izinhlelo zokugcina ubumbano zasekhaya zibuye zazinzulu kakhulu ngeminyaka engu-10, zihlanganisa izimo ezibalulekile zobumbano, isofthiwe yobulungiswa obuhle, nokutholakala kwegaziwano ngezinhlelo eziphilayo nezindiza zezimali. Izigaba zasendle ziyaphila kakhulu, kusukela kuzinto ozinzulu okufanelekile kumakhanda kuya kuzo zinkulu ezingekwazi ukuphatha izikhala zonke ngemini.
Izimo Zokubalwa Kobumbano Kuzinhlelo Esebenza Ngokuphepha
Izinhlelo Zobumbano We-Lithium-Ion
Ukuchanekwano kwe-Lithium-ion kuyaphathelwa ekhishini yomgcogno webatheji yasekhaya ngoba kunezidingo ezihle zokugcogna, ubude bezinsuku zokusebenza, nokuncipha kwizindleko. Lezi sistimi zokugcogna kwe-batere yasekhaya zazinzima izinsuku ezingama-10-15 ngemisebenzi engcono futhi angalimali amakhulu. Lokhu kukhemi kunezidingo ezihle zokulayisha nokususa, okuphela phansi kuka-95%, okwenzela ukuthi kube khona konke okugcinwe kusetshenziselwa emakhaya. Izinhlelo ezibuyekezayo ze-lithium-ion ziphatha izinhlelo ezidelezile zokuphatha ibatheji eziphathelana ngezimo zocingo ngalinye, ukulungisa intampurhujhi, nezimiso zokuphepha.
Ubungakanani bokugcinwa kwebhatere yelithiyam le-lithium-ion kwenhliziyo kuyakha kube lula ukufaka kwezindlu apho isikhala singaqondene. Lezi zixhobo zingafakwa emaplangeni, emakhazini noma emnyango yokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthatha inqubano enkulu yesiseko sasendaweni. Ababhali abaningi bamenya izinhlelo ezingumodi ethintela abasebenzi ukuba badele ngemiphefumulo emincane futhi bakhulise ubungako bakhe bekhomprese njengoba izidingo zokulahla ziya kuwuthuthukisa noma amandla akhona ayavutha.
Ukholo LweFosfethi Lwelithiyam
I-Fosfethi yeLithiyam iquka iqembu elithile lokusebenza kwelithiyam-ion okuthintela ubuhle phakade kunalokuphathelene nokulinganiswa kwegesi. Lezi zixhobo zokugcina ibhatere zenhliziyo zinikeza ubunzima obungcono kakhulu besithuthi futhi zibe yisimo esizenzakalelayo sokuthutha kakhulu, zibangela ukuthi zibe lula kakhulu ekusetshenziselweni kwezindlu apho ubuhle buhle kangaka. Lokhu kuchazwe kungenisa ama-cycle angu-6,000-8,000, okudlule kakhulu izinye ezihlelekile ze-lithium-ion.
Nakuba izinhilo zelithiyam le-lithium iron phosphate zingadinga ukufakwa okukhulu kusukela ngokuncane ngoba kunenzuzo encane yamandla, zihlanganisa nalezi zinkinga ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu emsulwa ophezulu futhi nezobuchwepheshe ezinzile. Lezi zinhilo zisebenza ngokwemiphumela emsulwini ophindwe -20°C kuze kube 60°C, kuyakho kakhulu ukufakwa kwazo emsulwini wonke. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kugcinwe isebenza esifanayo ngithathu kwaso isikhathi sokusebenza, noma kungcono kungenanto ekuphazanyisweni kwesilinganiso.
Amanyathelo e-Battery eLead-Acid
Ukuchazamazwi kwe-lead-acid okwasekhaya kusilungile ekugcineni imodi yesiseko, ikhusela kakhulu emathiklweni athandwayo noma emisebenzini ethintelayo ukusebenza okutholakala futhi okwaziwa kahle. Izinhlelo zomthombo wesilika we-lead-acid nezinhlelo zokuthutha izigaba zokudonsa zafakwa kageseni zinikeza imiphumela engaphezulu kunazo ezifakwa ngaphandle, zidinga ukuphila kuphela kodwa zinikeza ukugcina kwezinsimbi ngokuphathelene. Lokhu kusilungile kancane 40-60% ngaphansi kukaLithium, kuyakha ukugcina kwezinsimbi kakhona abantu abaningi.
Izinhlelo zokugcina imodi ye-lead-acid ezenziwa ekhaya zihamba kahle emisebenzini ehlanganisa amajola amakhulu kanye nokuphatha izindlela eziningi njengezokuphefumula nezokulima. Kodwa, kudingeka ukuziqasha ukuze ungavale amajola amadeep ambalwa angakhiqizeli ubude bokuphila. Iziphumo zamanje zokulayisha nezinqumo zokubheka zisiza ekuthutheleni imiphumela ye-lead-acid, kuyakha ubude bokuphila ku 5-8 izinyanga ngemuva kokuphatha kahle.
Ukumisela KweSistimu Neezando Zokufaka
Izistima Zokugcina Kwesistima DC-Coupled
Izistima zokugcina kwesistima zasekaya zihlanganisa ngqo kwi-DC output yezihlalo zasekaya, ukususa izindlela zokuguquka okutholakala nge-AC coupling. Lokhu kumisela kuyaphumelela kakhulu ngama-5-10% ngokunjalo kwezistimu ngokuthulasela inani leziguquko zezinhlayezo ezidingekayo. Lokhu kufuneka kuthintekwe ngomgco weshidi engenakha ngokuphatha ngokwesithunzi nesicelo sesibhamu ngokuguquka i-DC power ku-AC ukusebenzisa kwekaya.
Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza imfanelelo engaphezulu ngexesha leenkazo ze-grid kuba zinokusebenza ngendlela evelayo ngaphandle kokuchazwa kwezixhobo ze-AC. Le zinhlelo zokugcina ibhatere ye-dc-coupled zinikeza ixesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa okunempeleni kwezibhamu ezitholakalayo ze-solar ngeeminyaka yezinkalo eziphazanyayo. Ukufakwa kuzinzileyo ngokubanzi kungaphantsi ngoba kudinga iingxaki ezincinci, nakuba ukukhetha kwesiprojekthi kufuneka kube ngcono ngokulinganisa ubumdinga bomgama phakathi kwezixhobo ze-solar ne-battery banks.
Izakhono Zokugcina Ze-AC-Coupled
Izixhobo zokugcina ibhatere ezenzulwini ezihambelana ne-AC zihambela kwicala le-AC yezixhobo zasekuleli zasolari, zenzelula njengoko kufanelekile ukuzidweba izindlu ngezixhobo ezikhoyo. Lo dibaniso lubenza kube lula ukongeza igcino lebhatere ngaphandle kokuguqula iinverters zesolari okanye iintambo zentsimbi. Ubunzima be AC coupling buveza abasebenzi bakhaya ukukhetha izixhobo zabhatere ngaphandle kwekwabo, okuquka ukuthenga okuhle kuneengxaki nokukhetha komkhondo.
Ezi zixhobo ziqhelekile ukuba zinezixhobo ze-inverter ezigcweleyo ezingenela ukulayisha nokususa ukulayisha, zihlala ziqinisekisa ukuba ziquka ngesilinganiso segridi yesifungo nesimanje. Izixhobo zokugcina ibhatere ezenzulwini ezingenelwa kwi-AC zingalayisha ngokusebenzisa umnyango wasegridi ngemaxesha aphakade xa imali ingaphantsi, zinika amandla okuthengisa okunciphisa ixabiso lezixhobo. Lo dibaniso lunxibelela iibhanki ezahlukeneyo zabhatere kwaye linokuxhunyaniswa nozinye izindlela zokuphatha inyukelo engaphandle kweesolari.
Ukusebenzisa Iinkqubo Eziphathelene
Izinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri zasekhaya ezihlanganisiwe zihlanganisa imithombo yamandla eminingi nobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla ukuze kukhuliswe ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle. Lezi zixazululo eziphelele ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amapaneli elanga, ama-generator omoya nama-generator okuvikela ngokugcina amabhethri nezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile. Le ndlela inikeza ukuphepha okuphezulu kukagesi ngokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kukagesi kungakhathalekile izimo zezulu noma isimo senethiwekhi.
Izinhlelo eziphambili ezihlanganisiwe zihlanganisa ama-algorithm okubikezela ahlola izibikezelo zesimo sezulu, amashejuli amanani ezinsiza, namaphethini okusetshenziswa kwemindeni ukuze kwenziwe ngcono ukugeleza kwamandla ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lezi zinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya zingakwazi ukushaja amabhethri ngaphambi kokuphela kwesikhathi, zishintshe imithwalo ukuze zinciphise izintambo eziphakeme, futhi zilungiselele imithombo yamandla eminingi ukuze zisebenze kahle. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile kwenza kube nokulawulwa komthwalo okuzenzakalelayo okubeka phambili amasekethe abalulekile ngesikhathi sokuvinjelwa isikhathi eside.
Ukucabangela Amandla Nesayizi
Ukuhlukaniswa Kwesikali Sokuhlala
Izinhlelo zokugcina ibhatere yasekhaya zilungiswa ngokuthi kuzitholakala ukukhula okusebenzayo, okomisiwe ngamakhilowethi-ihhora, ekuqaleni kwezincane ezikhulu kunesikhathi esifushane kune-50 kWh. Izinhlelo ezincane zinikeza amandla obuyiso bokulawula izinto ezibalulekile njenge-refrigeration, ukuhlala, nokumunikana kwi-equipment ngenkathi kusuke kuhlala. Lezi zinhlelo ezincane zasiphelela kakhulu kwezimali, izindlu ezincane, noma izigodi ezingenayo inkathalo yokugcina kwezimali.
Izinhlelo ezide zokugcina ibhatere yasekhaya ezingu-15-25 kWh zikwazi ukuxhasa izindleko zasekhaya ezijwayelekile kusuku oluthile ku-8-24 ihhora ngokulinganisa nokuthenga nokuthola kwe-solar. Lezi zinhlelo zibonakala yizinkulungwane eziphathelene nezinye zezindlu zase-suburban ezenziwe ngokuchazwe kwezimali, kufaka phakathi ukuphefumula, ukubanda, nokunakekelwa kwemithuthi. Izinhlelo ezikhulu zasekhaya zinikeza indlela yokubuyisa ngemini nengxenye noma zinika amandla okuphila ngaphandle kokurhweba kwezindlu ezingenayo inkathalo enkulu yokuthenga kwezimali.
Ukuchazwa Kwenzima Kunye Nokuthi Kuthunyelwe
Ukukhuluwa okungcolile kwezimbotyothi zasekhaya kudinga ukuchazwa okuphambene kwezindlela zokusebenzisa izinhlayiya zasekhaya, izidingo zokudinga okuphakeme, nokude kwesikhathi sokugcina okuthandayo. Izinkundla zokugcina izilwane zingahlola ukusebenzisa ngokwempawu, ukubona izimo ezithuthukisayo ezingahlala kakhulu kwezimbotyothi. Ukuchazwa kwezimali ezibalulekile kuchaza izikhathi okudingekayo ukugcina kwasekhaya kugcwele, kuvulela abakhethi bezimbotyothi ukuthinta kakhulu kwizinkundla ezibalulekile.
Izinguquko zasezinhlobeni kwezimali ziyahlukana kakhulu kwezimbotyothi zasekhaya kwezimali. Izimali zokucindezela nokushisa zingakwakha izimali ngakumbili kulingo lokuphakade kwezimali, kudinga izimbotyothi ezinkulu noma izindlela ezingaphansi. Izinkundla ezihlukile ziyavusele izici zokupredika ngokusebenzisa izimali, ezingathatha into ekuphileni kwezimali kanye nezimali ezenziwa yizinhlayiya.
Ukuthunywa kwezinkundla zasekhaya ezihlukile
Umsamo Wesibhedlela Esikhali
Imithombo yesiseko yenkundla yasekhaya isetshenzisa izinkundla zokuphatha imfutha engcono ekuyisisekelo kudatha ngemva kanye nokuthanda kwabasebenzisi. Le mithombo ihlinza kakhulu imoto yesikhalini, ukwakha kwegolide, inhlaka yenkundla yesiseko, kunye nesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwekaya ukuze kwenzeke okunempilo ngombono wokuhamba kwamandla. Izibonelo ze-machine learning zayisobala imfundo yokusebenza kwezinhlelo ngemuva kuka-recognizing izimpendulo zokusetshenziswa kanye nokubona phambi komlando wamandla.
Ukungena kwisiseko kwekaya kumelana nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla asekhaya ukuthi zilungele ngaphezu kwebhodwa, izikhondomu, nezinye izinto ezihlukene zokusebenzisa amandla ukuze kuthuthukise ukusebenzisa amandla ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngemva kwezinsuku eziphelele, izinhlelo zingasusa izindlela zokulima kwe-air conditioning ngendlela ethintela ubomi bethu, noma uzame ukususa isikhathi sokusebenza kwebhodwa ezingalindelekanga kuze kube sele sishiya. Lokhu kuthuthukisa okunempilo kwebhedhi lokugcina amandla ngelishwa kuthintela ubomi bethu besekhaya nobubi bethu.
Ukugcina kwaye ukukhokha ngokudide
Izinhlelo zanamuhla zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya zinikeza amandla okuqapha okude aphelele ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-smartphone kanye nezixhumi ezibonakalayo ezisekelwe kuwebhu. Abasebenzisi bangalandelela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa, kanye namazinga okugcina ngesikhathi sangempela ngenkathi bethola izexwayiso mayelana nokusebenza kwesistimu noma izidingo zokugcinwa. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yomlando kusiza abanikazi bamakhaya ukuba baqonde indlela abasebenzisa ngayo amandla futhi babone amathuba okonga okwengeziwe.
Ukusebenza kokulawula okukude kwenza abasebenzisi bakwazi ukulungisa izilungiselelo zesistimu, baqale ukusebenza kwendlela yokusekelayo, noma bashintshe amashejuli wokushaja noma kuphi ngokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi. Abafaki bezobuchwepheshe nabakhiqizi bezinhlelo bangakwazi nokufinyelela idatha yokuxilonga ukude, okuvumela ukugcinwa okuqhubekayo nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha lapho kuvela izinkinga. Lezi zinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izibuyekezo zesofthiwe ezizenzakalelayo ezithuthukisa ukusebenza futhi zengeze izici ezintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Amalimi nokulandelana ngezinhloso
Ukuhlaziywa Kwembuyiselo Yezezimali
Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinhlelweni zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya kuletha imbuyiselo ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziningi ezibandakanya ukunciphisa isidingo esiphezulu, isikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-arbitration, kanye nenani lamandla okuvikela. Amandla okuphungula amaphuzu aphezulu anganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zenyanga zokufuna amakhaya ngokwezigaba zamanani ezinsiza ezisebenza. I-time-of-use arbitrage ivumela izinhlelo ukuba zikhokhe ngezikhathi ezisezingeni eliphansi futhi zikhiphe ngezikhathi ezibizayo eziphakeme, zikhiqize ukonga kwansuku zonke okuqoqwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesistimu.
Izinhlelo zesikhuthazo zikahulumeni nezombuso ngokuvamile zinikeza ukusekelwa okukhulu kwezimali ekufakweni kwezinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya, kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele ngo-30-50% ezindaweni eziningi. Lezi zikhuthazo, kanye nokwehla kwezindleko zemishini nokwenyuka kwamanani ezinsiza, kuye kwathuthukisa isikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwemali sibe iminyaka engu-5-8 ngezinhlelo ezakhiwe kahle. Inani elengeziwe livela ekugwemeni ukuthenga ama-generator abizayo, ukwehlisa izinkokhelo zomshuwalense kwezinye izimo, nokwandisa inani lezakhiwo.
Ukuphuma Kwamahhula Okulingana Ngenyawo
Izinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya zineqhaza elikhulu ekunciphiseni izinga lekhabhoni emakhaya ngokusebenzisa amandla ahlanzekile avuselelekayo futhi zinciphise ukuxhomeka kukagesi ovela kumandla kagesi. Lezi zinhlelo zenza kube nokwanda kwezinga lokudla amandla elanga, okuvimbela ukuthi amandla avuselelekayo angaphezu kwavamile angathunyelwa emagrids angase ancike kakhulu emithonjeni yokukhiqiza enamafutha amaningi.
Ukugcinwa kwebhethri futhi kusekela ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi ngokunikeza izinsiza zamandla ezisatshalalisiwe ezinciphisa ukulahleka kokudlulisa kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza eziphezulu. Lapho izinkulungwane zezinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri zasekhaya zisebenza ndawonye, zakha izitshalo zamandla ezingokoqobo ezingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ngenkathi zinciphisa isidingo sezitshalo ezingcolisa kakhulu. Le ndlela yokusabalalisa ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu kagesi ngenkathi isheshisa ukuguqukela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Izikhungo zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya zivame ukuhlala isikhathi esingakanani
Izinhlelo eziningi zesimanje zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya zenzelwe ukusebenza ngempumelelo iminyaka engu-10-15 kuye ngokuthi ibhethri linjani kanye nendlela elisetshenziswa ngayo. Izinhlelo ze-lithium-ion ngokuvamile zigcina i-80% yamandla azo okuqala ngemuva kwemijikelezo yokushaja engu-6,000-10,000, kuyilapho izinhlobo ze-lithium iron phosphate zivame ukudlula imijikelezo engu-8,000. Izindlela ezihlukile ze-lead-acid ngokuvamile zinikeza iminyaka engu-3 kuya kwengu-8 yokuphila, kuye ngokuthi ukujula kokukhishwa kanye nemikhuba yokugcinwa. Abakhiqizi ngokuvamile banikeza iziqinisekiso ezihlanganisa iminyaka eyishumi noma iziqinisekiso ezithile zokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Ingabe izinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri zasekhaya zingasebenza lapho kunokucishwa kukagesi
Yebo, izinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri zasekhaya ezilungiswe kahle zingahlinzeka amandla okuvikela ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwenethiwekhi, nakuba amakhono athile ancike ekwakhiweni kwesistimu nasezintweni ezifakiwe. Izinhlelo ezinokusebenza kokuvikela ngokuvamile zifaka izixhumi zokuhambisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ezihlukanisa ikhaya kusuka kugridi ngesikhathi sokuyeka ngenkathi kugcinwa amandla kumasekethe akhethiwe. Isikhathi sokusebenza kwamandla okugcina sincike kumthamo webhethri, imithwalo exhunyiwe, nasekukhiqizeni amandla elanga atholakalayo. Izinhlelo eziningi zokuhlala zingakwazi ukunika amandla imithwalo ebalulekile amahora angu-8-24 noma ngaphezulu uma kulawulwa umthwalo ngokucophelela.
Yikuphi ukugcinwa okudingekayo ukuze kugcinwe amabhethri ezindlini
Izinhlelo zanamuhla zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya zidinga ukugcinwa okuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nama-generator avamile noma ubuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha obudala. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-lithium ngokuvamile zidinga ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphefumula okufanele, ukuhlola ukuxhumana kukagesi, nokuvuselela isofthiwe lapho kudingeka. Izinhlelo ze-lead-acid zingadinga ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kobukhulu obuqondile nokuhlanzwa kwesiphetho. Izinhlelo eziningi zifaka phakathi amakhono okuzihlola okuxwayisa abasebenzisi ngezinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinkinga ezinkulu, futhi abakhiqizi abaningi banikeza izinsizakalo zokuqapha kude.
Kubiza malini ukufaka izinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya
Izindleko zokufaka izinhlelo zokugcina amabhethri ekhaya ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngomthamo, ubuchwepheshe, nobunzima, ngokuvamile zisukela ku-$10,000-$30,000 ngezinhlelo zokuhlala eziphelele ngaphambi kwezikhuthazo. Izinhlelo ezincane ze-lithium eziyizi-10-15 kWh ngokuvamile zibiza u-$15 000 kuya ku-$20 000 uma zifakiwe, kuyilapho izinhlelo ezinkulu noma ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bubiza kakhulu. Izimali zentela zikahulumeni zinganciphisa izindleko ngo-30%, futhi izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza izaphulelo ezengeziwe noma izikhuthazo. Lapho uhlola izindleko, cabanga ngokonga kwesikhathi eside okubangelwa ukunciphisa izindleko zikagesi, inani lamandla kagesi angena esikhundleni, nokwanda okungenzeka kwenani lempahla.